There are 5,059 enrolled members of the Nation, of which 1,174 live in Oklahoma.

Any child born of a marriage between a member of the Seneca–Cayuga Nation and any other persons if such child is admitted to membership by the Council of the Seneca–Cayuga Nation.

Any child born of a marriage between a member of the Seneca–Cayuga Nation and a member of any other Indian tribe who chooses to affiliate with the Seneca–Cayuga Nation.

All children born since the date of the said roll, both of whose parents are members of the Nation.

All persons of Indian blood whose names appear on the official census roll of the Tribe as of January 1, 1937, when it was reorganized.

The Seneca–Cayuga criteria for Nation membership are: All elected Business Committee terms are four years. On even years, the Second Chief, Secretary-Treasurer, Second and Fourth RBC Members and Second and Fourth Grievance Committee Members are elected. On odd years, Chief, First and Third RBC Members, and First, Third and Fifth Grievance Committee Members are elected. The Grievance Committee consists of five members.

The Reservation Business Committee consists of seven members: Chief, Second Chief, Secretary-Treasurer and four RBC Members. The Seneca–Cayuga Nation have an elected system of government, consisting of two governing bodies: the Reservation Business Committee (RBC), which acts as the Tribe's legislative council and oversees the daily governing of the Tribe, and the Grievance Committee, which acts as the Tribe's judiciary. The other two federally recognized Seneca tribes are located in New York: the Seneca Nation of New York and the Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians. They are descended from Iroquoian peoples who had relocated to Ohio from New York state in the mid-18th century. They have a tribal jurisdictional area in the northeast corner of Oklahoma and are headquartered in Grove.

The tribe had more than 5,000 people in 2011. It includes the Cayuga people and is based in Oklahoma, United States. The Seneca–Cayuga Nation is one of three federally recognized tribes of Seneca people in the United States. Haudenosaunee, Wyandot, other Iroquoian peoples Flag of the Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma

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